Footwork is not about accuracy or “trusting your feet.” It’s about producing the correct force vector, timed correctly, through rotation and hip support. Good footwork stabilizes the kinetic chain; bad footwork forces the arms to compensate.

Climbers rarely fail from lack of strength. They fail from poor force precision — wrong direction, wrong timing, wrong joint angle. Precision aligns force with hold geometry and eliminates leaks in the kinetic chain. Strength only works when the vector is correct.

Swing is not caused by weakness — it is caused by off-axis force and unmanaged angular momentum. Counterforce from feet, hips, flags, and body rotation is how elite climbers neutralize swing. Dynamic control is a timing problem, not a strength problem.

Sequencing is the mechanical order of actions that keeps force, friction, and CoM stable during movement. Good climbers move CoM first, limbs second, and eliminate force spikes through timing. Technique becomes smooth when the order is correct — not when the climber is strong.

Directional friction determines how holds actually work. Maximum grip comes from aligning your force perpendicular to the hold surface, not from pulling down. Hip position, CoM alignment, and wrist angle control the force vector — strength is secondary.

Climbing efficiency is not about using less energy — it is about distributing energy correctly. Efficient movement eliminates force spikes, prevents leakage, assigns the right task to the right limb, and ensures smooth CoM transitions. Technique becomes effortless when the system distributes load instead of fighting it.

Momentum and timing allow climbers to move when static strength is insufficient. Momentum carries the CoM through mechanically weak positions, while timing ensures force is applied at the exact moment the system is stable. Dynamic movement is a physics problem, not a power problem.

Body tension is not about squeezing the core — it is force continuity across the entire kinetic chain. Efficient climbing happens when feet, hips, core and shoulders transmit force as one system. Movement fails when the chain breaks at its weakest joint angle.